Working with Action Class in Selenium

The Action Class in Selenium WebDriver is used to handle advanced user interactions such as mouse movements, drag and drop, keyboard events, and more. It allows automation testers to simulate complex actions that can’t be done using standard WebDriver commands like click() or sendKeys().

📌 What is the Action Class?

The Actions class is part of the org.openqa.selenium.interactions package. It provides methods to simulate user interactions like:

  • Mouse hover
  • Right-click (context click)
  • Double-click
  • Drag and drop
  • Click and hold
  • Keyboard events (e.g., shift + click)

🛠️ Basic Syntax

Actions actions = new Actions(driver);

actions.methodName().build().perform();

build() compiles the sequence of actions.

perform() executes the actions.

✅ Commonly Used Methods in Action Class

Mouse Hover

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("menu"));

Actions actions = new Actions(driver);

actions.moveToElement(element).perform();

Right Click (Context Click)

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("button"));

actions.contextClick(element).perform();

Double Click

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("text"));

actions.doubleClick(element).perform();

Drag and Drop

WebElement source = driver.findElement(By.id("source"));

WebElement target = driver.findElement(By.id("target"));

actions.dragAndDrop(source, target).perform();

Click and Hold

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("box"));

actions.clickAndHold(element).moveByOffset(100, 0).release().perform();

Send Keys with Modifier Keys (e.g., SHIFT)

WebElement input = driver.findElement(By.id("inputBox"));

actions.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys("hello").keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).perform(); 

⚠️ Best Practices

Always use .perform() to execute actions.

Ensure elements are visible and interactable before performing actions.

Use WebDriverWait for synchronization to avoid flaky tests.

🧾 Conclusion

The Action Class in Selenium is essential for handling complex interactions during automation testing. Whether it's mouse gestures or keyboard shortcuts, mastering this class enhances your test scripts' flexibility and reliability.

By using the Action Class effectively, testers can simulate real-world user behavior and build more robust Selenium test cases.

Learn Selenium Java Training in Hyderabad

Read More:

Integrating Selenium with Jenkins for CI/CD

Generating Extent Reports in Selenium Java

Debugging Selenium Scripts: Tips and Tools

Handling Dynamic Web Elements in Selenium

Building a Custom Selenium Framework with Java

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