Writing Modular Selenium Test Scripts in Python

 Selenium is a popular tool for automating web applications, and when used with Python, it becomes a powerful and flexible testing solution. However, to build scalable and maintainable test suites, it's important to write modular test scripts. Modularization helps reduce duplication, isolate functionality, and make code easier to manage and reuse. Here's how you can achieve that with Selenium in Python.

Follow the Page Object Model (POM)

Page Object Model is a design pattern that promotes the creation of separate classes for each webpage in your application. Each class contains locators and methods that interact with the page elements.

Example:

class LoginPage:

    def __init__(self, driver):

        self.driver = driver

        self.username = driver.find_element(By.ID, "username")

        self.password = driver.find_element(By.ID, "password")

        self.login_button = driver.find_element(By.ID, "loginBtn")

    def login(self, user, pwd):

        self.username.send_keys(user)

        self.password.send_keys(pwd)

        self.login_button.click()

Benefit:

Keeps your test logic separate from UI interactions, making it easier to maintain.

Use Utility Modules

Create utility files for actions that are reused across tests, such as reading test data, taking screenshots, or setting up drivers.

Example:

def take_screenshot(driver, filename):

    driver.save_screenshot(filename)

Leverage Fixtures with Pytest

Use pytest fixtures to manage setup and teardown tasks like browser initialization.

Example:

import pytest

from selenium import webdriver

@pytest.fixture

def browser():

    driver = webdriver.Chrome()

    yield driver

    driver.quit()

This makes your tests cleaner and more readable.

 Structure Your Project Well

Organize your project into folders like:

pages/ for page object classes

tests/ for test scripts

utils/ for helper functions

data/ for test data

A clear structure helps scale your test suite as the application grows.

Parameterize Test Data

Use Pytest’s @pytest.mark.parametrize decorator to run tests with different data sets.

@pytest.mark.parametrize("username,password", [("user1", "pass1"), ("user2", "pass2")])

def test_login(browser, username, password):

    login_page = LoginPage(browser)

    login_page.login(username, password)

Conclusion

Modular Selenium scripts in Python enhance test clarity, reduce repetition, and promote easier maintenance. By using patterns like Page Object Model, utility modules, and Pytest fixtures, you can build a robust automation framework suitable for real-world applications.

Learn Selenium Python Training in Hyderabad

Read More:

Best Practices in Selenium Automation with Python

How to Automate File Uploads and Downloads

Data-Driven Testing with Selenium and Python

Automating E-commerce Website Testing with Selenium

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