Understanding Page Object Model in Selenium Java

 The Page Object Model (POM) is a popular design pattern used in Selenium test automation, especially in Java projects. It helps create a clear, maintainable structure for your test code by separating the web elements and test scripts. If you’re just getting started with Selenium, understanding POM is essential for building scalable test automation frameworks.

What is Page Object Model?

Page Object Model is a framework design pattern that creates an object repository for web UI elements. Each web page in your application is represented by a separate Java class. This class contains all the elements and actions (methods) that can be performed on that page.

Why Use POM?

Maintainability: If the UI changes, you only need to update the code in one place.

Reusability: Methods defined in page classes can be reused across multiple test cases.

Readability: Test scripts become cleaner and easier to understand.

Separation of Concerns: Keeps the structure modular and focused.

How It Works: Example

Let’s say you are automating a login feature. You will create two classes:

LoginPage.java

java

Copy

Edit

public class LoginPage {

    WebDriver driver;

    // Constructor

    public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {

        this.driver = driver;

    }

    // Locators

    By username = By.id("username");

    By password = By.id("password");

    By loginBtn = By.id("login");

    // Actions

    public void enterUsername(String user) {

        driver.findElement(username).sendKeys(user);

    }

    public void enterPassword(String pass) {

        driver.findElement(password).sendKeys(pass);

    }

    public void clickLogin() {

        driver.findElement(loginBtn).click();

    }

}

LoginTest.java

java

Copy

Edit

public class LoginTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

        driver.get("https://example.com/login");

        LoginPage login = new LoginPage(driver);

        login.enterUsername("admin");

        login.enterPassword("password123");

        login.clickLogin();

    }

}

Best Practices

  • Use proper naming conventions.
  • Keep locators private and access them via methods.
  • Use @FindBy with PageFactory for better readability.
  • Organize page objects in packages for large projects.

Conclusion

The Page Object Model simplifies test automation and makes your Selenium code cleaner and easier to manage. By adopting POM in Selenium Java, you can handle complex web applications efficiently and make your test framework robust and scalable.

Learn Selenium Java Training in Hyderabad

Read More:

Selenium Waits in Java: Implicit, Explicit, and Fluent

Performing Data-Driven Testing Using Apache POI

Automating Web Forms Using Selenium Java

Using TestNG with Selenium for Test Automation

Visit our IHub Talent Training Institute

Get Direction



Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

SoapUI for API Testing: A Beginner’s Guide

 APIs are the backbone of modern applications, enabling communication between different software systems. Testing these APIs is crucial to ensure reliable performance and functionality. SoapUI is one of the most widely used tools for API testing, especially for SOAP and REST services. This beginner’s guide will walk you through what SoapUI is, why it's useful, and how to get started. What is SoapUI? SoapUI is an open-source tool designed for testing web services. It supports both SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) and REST (Representational State Transfer) APIs. SoapUI offers a user-friendly interface that makes it easier to send requests, inspect responses, automate tests, and validate data. Why Use SoapUI for API Testing? Easy to use GUI with drag-and-drop features Supports both manual and automated testing Allows functional, security, and performance testing Supports data-driven testing using external sources Enables testers to mock web services for testing in isolated environ...
Read more

Automated Regression Testing with Selenium

 Regression testing ensures that new code changes do not negatively impact the existing functionality of an application. As applications grow and evolve, manually performing regression tests becomes time-consuming and error-prone. Selenium, a leading open-source test automation tool for web applications, is an excellent choice for automating regression testing. What is Regression Testing? Regression testing involves re-running previously completed test cases after code changes to verify that existing features continue to work as expected. It is critical for maintaining application stability during frequent updates, especially in agile and DevOps environments. Why Use Selenium for Regression Testing? Selenium supports multiple browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Edge), programming languages (Java, Python, C#, etc.), and platforms. Its flexibility and integration capabilities make it ideal for building and executing automated regression test suites. Key Benefits: Open-source and community-sup...
Read more

Containerizing Java Apps with Docker and Kubernetes

 Modern application development demands speed, scalability, and consistency across environments. Containerization addresses these needs by packaging applications and their dependencies into lightweight containers. For Java applications, using tools like Docker and Kubernetes simplifies deployment, scaling, and management. In this blog, we'll explore how to containerize a Java app with Docker and manage it using Kubernetes. Why Containerize Java Applications? Java apps often depend on specific versions of libraries, Java Runtime Environment (JRE), and configurations. Containers: Ensure consistency across dev, test, and production environments Simplify dependency management Improve portability and scalability Enable microservices architecture Step 1: Create a Java Application Let’s assume you have a simple Spring Boot application with a jar file ready for deployment: ./mvnw clean package This generates a .jar file in the target/ directory. Step 2: Write a Dockerfile Create a file nam...
Read more