Building Your First Java Web Application

 Java remains one of the most popular programming languages for developing scalable, secure, and high-performance web applications. With its robust ecosystem and vast community support, Java is often a top choice for enterprise-level and fullstack development. In this blog, we’ll walk you through the basics of building your first Java web application using Servlets and JSP (JavaServer Pages), along with a quick look at tools and frameworks that can simplify the process.

Prerequisites

Before you begin, ensure you have the following installed:

Java Development Kit (JDK)

Apache Tomcat (or any Java web server)

IDE (Eclipse or IntelliJ IDEA)

Basic knowledge of Java and HTML

Step 1: Set Up the Project Structure

In your IDE, create a new Dynamic Web Project. This structure typically includes:

/src: Java source code

/WebContent: HTML, JSP, and static files

web.xml: Deployment descriptor (configuration file)

Step 2: Create a Servlet

A Servlet is a Java class used to handle HTTP requests and responses.

java

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Edit

import java.io.*;

import javax.servlet.*;

import javax.servlet.http.*;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

        throws ServletException, IOException {

        response.setContentType("text/html");

        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

        out.println("<h1>Hello, welcome to your first Java Web App!</h1>");

    }

}

Step 3: Configure the Servlet in web.xml

xml

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<web-app>

    <servlet>

        <servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>

        <servlet-class>HelloServlet</servlet-class>

    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>

        <servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>

        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>

    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

This maps the servlet to the URL http://localhost:8080/YourApp/hello.

Step 4: Add a JSP Page (Optional)

JSP files allow you to write HTML mixed with Java code.

jsp

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<!-- welcome.jsp -->

<html>

  <body>

    <h2>Welcome to My Java Web App</h2>

  </body>

</html>

You can forward users to this page from your servlet using:

java

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request.getRequestDispatcher("welcome.jsp").forward(request, response);

Step 5: Run the Application

Deploy your application to the Apache Tomcat server. Open a browser and go to http://localhost:8080/YourApp/hello to see your servlet in action.

Conclusion

Congratulations! You’ve just built and deployed your first Java web application. While this example uses Servlets and JSP for simplicity, modern Java web development often leverages frameworks like Spring Boot, JSF, or Struts for more advanced features and faster development. As you grow your skills, you can integrate databases, REST APIs, and frontend technologies to build fullstack Java applications.

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